Urban Planning and Development

1. the term urban sprawl is used to describe a city when it becomes to populated and is forced to spread outwards.
2. the term urban consolidation is used to describe the rising population in cities.
3. a highly urbanised country is a country that has a lot of urban spraw, has a high population density.
4. it is estimated that 92% of australians live in urban areas. australia's urban population is concentrated in major cities, which in 2006 accounted for over 13 million people or 65% of Australia's population.
5. the main factors that have influenced the location's of Australians capital cities are transport advantages, also the flat land that is available and the climate.
6. population density is the population in a particular area divided by the amount of land in the area. population density is related to urban sprawl as it is a solution to the problem. the move from urban sprawl to higher population density in cities is urban consolidation.
7. Australian cities don't have very high population densities. Sydney for example has a population density of 2076 per square kilometre compared to Mumba with a population density of 29650 per square kilometre.
8. there are many advantages that urban consolidation has over urban sprawl. infrastructure like public transport, electricity and water supplies are already built for the developments.
9. urban planners have had to be inovative in their design of apartments and new estates to manage the impacts of population growth in cities.
10. A) Melbourne
B) Population divided by land area
C) Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Woolongong, Perth, Newcastle, Canberra, Brisbane, Gosford
D) 8 out 10 of Australias largest cities have a population density over 1000
11. many of the residents would stronly argue that the development of apartments such as the ones in fig. 9.5 lower the value of their properties. also the constant noise and disruption would be extremely annoying for residents who are trying to live their normal lives.
12. living in a detached housing estate is a lot more private than apartment living as you are on your own property. it also allows you to make the regulations and rules, such as the ownership of pets, etc. having your own property also enables you to design and aesthetically modify your property to the way you like, it allows you to give your home its own character. it is also easier to have a family which many people want. an advantage of living in an apartment however means you are usually closer to civilisation in terms of entertainment, work and other aspects that make up an urban area.  sometimes it gives you things like water views over a harbour, landmark, etc.